It Happened in Hell – Chapter 2
Scriptural Testimonies: The Descent into Hell
In our journey to understand Christ’s victory over sin and death, we must turn to the scriptures that form the foundation of His descent into Hell, a pivotal moment known as the Harrowing of Hell. This chapter explores key passages like 1 Peter 3:18-20 and Ephesians 4:8-10, examining their biblical basis and how they support Christ’s conquest over evil. We’ll also consider other relevant scriptures and discuss various interpretations, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of His redemptive work.
Exploring 1 Peter 3:18-20
Let’s start with 1 Peter 3:18-20, a central text for the Harrowing of Hell:
“For Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, that He might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh but made alive by the Spirit, by whom also He went and preached to the spirits in prison, who formerly were disobedient, when once the Divine longsuffering waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared, in which a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water” (1 Peter 3:18-20 detailed analysis).
This passage suggests that after His death, Christ, made alive by the Spirit, preached to “spirits in prison” who were disobedient in Noah’s time. The identity of these “spirits in prison” is debated. Some believe they are fallen angels, punished for their sins, like those in Genesis 6:1-4. Others see them as human souls, particularly those who died before Christ, and His preaching as offering them redemption.
The traditional view, aligning with the Harrowing of Hell, leans toward human souls, especially the just, like Adam and Eve, waiting for liberation. However, the mention of “formerly were disobedient” suggests those who perished in the flood, not the just. Some theologians resolve this by saying Christ preached to all souls in Hell, offering redemption, fitting the book’s focus on universal salvation.
Examining Ephesians 4:8-10
Next, Ephesians 4:8-10 provides clear support:
“Therefore He says: ‘When He ascended on high, He led captivity captive, and gave gifts to men.’ (Now this, ‘He ascended’—what does it mean but that He also first descended into the lower parts of the earth? He who descended is also the One who ascended far above all the heavens, that He might fill all things.)” (Ephesians 4:8-10 detailed analysis).
This passage implies Christ descended into the “lower parts of the earth,” likely Hell, before ascending, and “led captivity captive” means He freed those held by death. This aligns with the Harrowing of Hell, showing His victory over evil powers, part of the Christus Victor model.
Other Scriptural Insights
Other scriptures add context. Matthew 27:51-53 notes, “Then, behold, the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom; and the earth quaked, and the rocks were split, and the graves were opened; and many bodies of the holy ones who had fallen asleep were raised; and coming out of the graves after His resurrection, they went into the holy city and appeared to many” (Matthew 27:51-53 detailed analysis). Some see this as a result of His descent, freeing the dead to rise, symbolizing victory.
Colossians 2:15 also states, “Having disarmed principalities and powers, He made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them in it” (Colossians 2:15 detailed analysis), linking to His defeat of evil in Hell.
Theological Implications
These scriptures collectively show Christ’s descent as a victory over death and evil, liberating souls and defeating the devil, fitting the Christus Victor model. They suggest His work extends to all, supporting universal redemption, though this is debated, with some emphasizing individual faith.
Conclusion
The scriptural testimonies in 1 Peter 3:18-20, Ephesians 4:8-10, and others form a strong basis for the Harrowing of Hell, highlighting Christ’s conquest over sin and death. As we continue, this foundation will guide us in understanding His broader victory and its implications for all humanity.